The Groningen Growth and Development Centre was founded in 1992 within the Economics Department of the University of Groningen by a group of researchers working on comparative analysis of levels of economic performance and differences in growth rates. The research activities of the Centre are largely based on a range of comprehensive databases on indicators of growth and development that the Centre compiles and maintains on a regular basis. The Centre hosts updates of the Penn World Table, originally produced at the Center for International Comparisons of the University of Pennsylvania, beginning with v8.0.
Dataset: Index of Human Capital per Person from the Penn World Table 10.01 DatabaseProvides an index of human capital per person, which is based on average years of schooling and the return to education.
The Penn World Table (PWT) provides relative levels of income, output, input, and productivity covering 183 countries for the period 1950-2019. Its expenditure entries are denominated in a common set of prices in a common currency so that real quantity comparisons can be made, both between countries and over time. It also provides information about relative prices within and between countries, as well as demographic data and capital stock estimates. Following the regionalization of the United Nations International Comparison Programme (ICP) beginning with the 1980 benchmark, Robert Summers and Alan Heston at the Center for International Comparisons of Production, Income and Prices (CICUP) at the University of Pennsylvania used ICP benchmark comparisons as a basis for estimating PPPs (purchasing power parities) for non-benchmark countries and extrapolations backward and forward in time. The Penn World Tables are described in Summers and Heston "The Penn World Table (Mark 5): An Expanded Set of International Comparisons, 1950-1988" (Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1991, May, 327-368). The final version of the PWT (7.1) produced at CICUP was released in 2011. After 2012 PWT is being jointly maintained by Robert Feenstra at University of California-Davis, and Marcel Timmer and Robert Inklaar at the University of Groningen, and hosted at the Groningen Growth and Development Centre. PWT 10.0 incorporates four broad categories of changes: (1) the incorporation of new purchasing power parities (PPPs) data for most countries for the years 2011 to 2017; (2) the incorporation of revised and extended National Accounts data, covering the period up to 2019; and, most notably, (3) revisions to the methodology used to estimate employment data, in particular for low and middle-income countries; and (4) a modification to the methodology for estimating investment by asset. With the incorporation of the new 2017 ICP data in PWT 10.0, the reference year is shifted to 2017. Version 10.01 constitutes a minor revision compared to PWT 10.0 that relates to the calculation of investment deflators and primarily affects the *na variables for capital and TFP, i.e., those primarily designed to capture growth over time. For detail on this change and impacted variables, see the technical documentation.
Uses of the dataset should reference: Feenstra, Robert C., Robert Inklaar and Marcel P. Timmer (2015), "The Next Generation of the Penn World Table" American Economic Review, 105(10), 3150-3182, https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20130954
Technical DocumentationGroningen Growth and Development Centre (2023-03-16). Penn World Table 10.01: Index of Human Capital per Person, 2019. Sage Data. Sage Publishing Ltd. (Dataset). Dataset-ID: 071-006-008. https://doi.org/10.6068/DP1877C9DBB396
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